Moderator
Gustavo M. Hüning, MD, MBA
Panelists
Lisa B. Arbisser, MD
Ghassan R. Ghorayeb, MD, MBA, ABO
Viewing Papers
Expand a paper title to the right to view the paper abstract and authors. Use the video link to jump to that poster in the session.
Presenting Author
Hashem Abu Serhan, MBBS
Purpose
Pediatric cataracts account for 5% to 20% of childhood blindness. Early surgical intervention is crucial for improving visual recovery. However, pediatric cataract surgery presents unique challenges and potential complications, including rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), which is recognized as a late complication post-surgery.
Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024538383). Comprehensive searches were conducted across multiple databases up to May 2024. Studies were included if they reported on RRD following cataract surgery in individuals under 18 years and associated risk factors. Data extraction was performed independently by two authors. Risk of bias and quality assessment were performed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, with statistical analysis conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Our meta-analysis included a total of 4,808 patients, with 5,693 eyes undergoing cataract surgery. The pooled incidence of RRD after pediatric cataract surgery was approximately 2.5%. Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation significantly increased RRD risk, with an incidence rate of 37.6%. RD incidence was 1% in unilaterally operated eyes and 2.8% in bilaterally operated eyes. Children with mental retardation showed a higher RRD incidence of 19.1%. The incidence was 5.6% in right eyes (OD) and 7.2% in left eyes (OS) post-surgery. Subgroup analysis on the type of associated refractive errors was not feasible due to missing data from included studies.
Conclusion
Pediatric cataract surgery, while essential for visual rehabilitation, poses a significant risk for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment thereby highlighting the need for careful surgical planning and long-term monitoring to mitigate RRD development.
Presenting Author
Hugo A. Scarfone, MD
Co-Authors
Emilia Carolina Rodriguez MD, Jeronimo Riera MD, Castro Tomas MD
Purpose
Evaluate the prevalence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) according to sex and age in healthy patients in our population
Methods
Design: Descriptive observational cross-sectional study Methods: 1978 eyes of patients between 40 and 89 years of age with normal eyes between 22 and 24 mm axial length, without previous ocular pathologies, were studied. They were classified according to sex and age groups in intervals of 5 years each. For the classification, Johnson stages were used using SS OCT macular (SOLIX). Stage 1, perifoveal vitreous detachment with residual vitreous foveal adhesion. Stage 2, perifoveal vitreous detachment without vitreous foveal adhesion. Stage 3, almost complete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) with only vitreous-papillary adhesion remaining. Stage 4, complete
Results
In the age group 40-44 years, 100% had stage 0.In the age group 45-49 years, 94.91% had group 0.In the age group 50-54 years, 39.76% had group 0, 8.77% had stage 1.In the age group 55 to 60, 75.69%.In the age group 60 to 64 years, 46.30 % had stage 0, 30.04 % stage 1, In the age group 65 to 70 years, 76 % stage 0, 26.08 % stage 1, 7.69 % stage 2, and 4.68 % with stage 3 and 30.76% stage 4.In the age group of 70 to 74 years 51.07% with stage 4 In the age group of 75 to 80 years 58.19 % stage 4. In the age group of 80 to 84 years 59.55% with stage 4.In the age group of 85 to 89 years 76.92% stage 4
Conclusion
Progression of PVD occurs faster in female eyes than in male eyes,suggesting that the macular pathologic features associated with PVD occur at an earlier age in women.Recent advances in optical coherence tomography have identified the key role that perifoveal posterior vitreous detachments play in the development of macular holes
Presenting Author
Yongli Zhou, MD
Co-Authors
Weizhong Lan MD
Purpose
This study examines retinal damage in pigmented rabbits from supra-dose 650 nm diode red laser for adolescent myopia control, calling for dose safety evaluation.
Methods
Sixteen eyes from 8 pigmented rabbits were divided into three groups: Experimental (right-eye irradiation, n=6), self-control (left-eye self-control, n=6), and blank control (no irradiation, n=4). The experimental group�s right eyes were exposed to 3 minutes of 650 nm red laser (20 mW, diode laser) while left eyes acted as self-controls. The blank control involved 2 rabbits with no irradiation. Retinal structure was assessed pre-irradiation using OCT. Post-irradiation changes were evaluated with ERG and OCT. Apoptosis was checked via TUNEL assay, and p53 and caspase 3 expressions were analyzed using immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR.
Results
After 3 minutes of 20 mW red light irradiation, ERG results indicated significant delays and reduced amplitudes in b-wave and OPS-wave under dark adaptation (p < 0.05). OCT showed disrupted retinal structure with outer layer edema, pigment epithelium disruption, and increased inner reflectivity. TUNEL assay revealed increased apoptosis in the outer nuclear layer, with elevated p53 and caspase 3 levels. PCR analysis showed heightened apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Caspase-3, P53) and reduced Bcl2, with elevated OMA1 affecting mitochondrial dynamics, indicating that supra-threshold red light exposure disrupts apoptosis and mitochondrial function.
Conclusion
Short-term supra-threshold red light exposure disrupts retinal structure and impairs electrophysiological function in rabbits, affecting apoptosis and mitochondrial dynamics. These findings underscore the need for further safety investigation of red light therapy in myopia control to establish a safe exposure threshold.
Presenting Author
Tam Ch Hoang, MD
Purpose
To evaluate functional outcome and changes in optical coherence tomography (OCT) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for retinal detachment (RD).
Methods
This retrospective study included 85 eyes with successful anatomical outcome after PPV for RD. Exclusion: other retinal conditions, missing OCT images. Data on demographics, preoperative and postoperative VA, myopic statement, macular on/off and OCT findings at 24 months post-PPV were collected. OCT parameters included central macular thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC), ellipsoid zone integrity (ISOS), presence of epiretinal membrane, macular edema, sub-retinal fluid (SRF), macular hole, proliferative vitreal retinopathy (PVR) and macula on/off status. The correlation between these OCT features and visual outcomes, as well as the success of multifocal IOL implantation, was analyzed.
Results
The mean baseline VA was 1.55 (�0.96), and VA at 24 months (VA_24) was 0.38 (�0.39). 61(71.8%) eyes monofocal IOL, 11(12.9%) eyes multifocal IOL and 13(15.3%) eyes phakia. The correlation coefficient: VA_24 and ISOS was 0.8, (p < 0.05). VA_24 and GCC was -0.2(p = 0.062). VA_24 and type of IOL was -0.137 (p = 0.21). The correlation coefficient of 0.260 relationship ISOS/Macula (p=0.016) The R-squared values for the multiple linear regression model predicting VA_24 was approximately 0.59. Significant predictors included ISOS (0.52), baseline VA (-0.009), PVR (0.01), macula on/off (0.05), resolution of SRF (-0.01), macular edema (0.118), macular hole (0.16), and duration of RD (0.001).
Conclusion
The IS/OS junction is a crucial factor in visual recovery following PPV. Macula-off detachments pose a greater risk of IS/OS disruption, which correlates with poorer visual outcomes, whereas macula-on detachments generally have a better prognosis. Favorable OCT features post-PPV may benefit from mutifocal IOLs during subsequent cataract surgery.
Presenting Author
Justin Flood, BSc
Co-Authors
Jhansi Raju MD
Purpose
To determine if veterans with PTSD have a greater risk of developing uveitis compared to veterans without a PTSD diagnosis.
Methods
The Veterans Health Affairs (VHA) database was used to identify non-infectious uveitis in veterans over 18 with PTSD, diagnosed after 1999 and still receiving care post-2018. Veterans with autoimmune conditions or prior uveitis were excluded. Only those diagnosed with uveitis after PTSD were considered. Controls were age- and gender-matched veterans without PTSD. Baseline data included age, gender, race, and HLA-B27 status. A linear regression and chi-square model were used to calculate the odds ratio, with a 95% confidence interval.
Results
The query identified all veterans who have established continuous care with a VA hospital from years 2018 to 2023 (n=7,278,491) including veterans diagnosed with PTSD (n=912,023) and veterans diagnosed with uveitis (n=7,323). Of veterans with uveitis, 1,038 (14.17%) were diagnosed after an initial PTSD diagnosis. A chi-square test was performed to determine correlation between an initial positive PTSD diagnosis and a positive uveitis diagnosis in comparison to veterans without PTSD. An odds ratio of 1.15 (p=2.29 ?10-5) indicates that PTSD is associated with a 15% higher risk of uveitis compared to those without PTSD.
Conclusion
This ongoing study indicates that increased screening to identify vision loss caused by non-infectious uveitis may be useful in the care of veterans diagnosed with PTSD. Future analysis will explore how HLA-B27 status, smoking, and BMI affect this correlation, and how uveitis onset timing differs between veterans with and without PTSD.
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